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Heart and Breath Sounds

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Cardiac Auscultation: Normal Heart Sounds

Overview:

Cardiac auscultation provides information about the rate and rhythm of the heart, valve functioning and possible anatomical defects. It requires knowledge of what heart sounds are normal and a methodical approach with careful attention to the sounds produced during the cardiac cycle.

This program provides nurses and other healthcare professionals with a thorough understanding of the various normal heart sounds and examples of these sounds to provide a basis for differentiating normal and abnormal sounds.

Objectives:

After completing this course, the learner should be able to:

Explain what produces the S1 sound
Identify the normal S1 sound and understand the various factors that can affect the S1 sound
Describe what produces the S2 sound
Identify the normal S2 sound and understand the various factors that can affect the S2 sound
Explain what produces the S3 and S4 sounds
Identify the normal S3 and S4 sounds and understand the various factors that can affect the S3 and S4 sounds
Describe why and how the main extra heart sounds occur
Identify various extra heart sounds

Cardiac Auscultation: The Anatomy and Physiology of Heart Sounds

Overview:

Familiarity with normal and abnormal heart sounds provides the foundation for many clinical assessments. This program focuses on cardiac auscultation, or listening to the sounds produced by the heart, a skill that can be lost without review and practice. It will review the anatomy and physiology of the heart and the sounds it produces as it works.

Objectives:

After completing this course, the learner should be able to:

Describe the anatomy and physiology of the heart
Describe the cardiac cycle
Identify the main events displayed on the electrocardiograph tracing
Break down and identify the heart sounds and explain why each sound occurs

Cardiac Auscultation: The Process of Basic Cardiac Auscultation

Overview:

This program provides nurses and other healthcare professionals with a thorough understanding of auscultation techniques and practices, including the basic process of cardiac auscultation, identifying landmarks where cardiac sounds can best be heard, proper positioning of the patient and how to record observations.

Objectives:

After completing this course, the learner should be able to:

Describe the components of the stethoscope and their individual and combined functions.
Explain and perform basic cardiac auscultation.
Identify the landmarks where cardiac auscultation can be heard.
Properly position the patient to perform cardiac auscultation.
Accurately record what you observe during cardiac auscultation.

Heart Murmurs

Product code: M069 Reviewed for accuracy: 2009

Overview:

Presents fundamental principles of the pathophysicology of heart murmurs and demonstrates acoustic characteristics of the more common significant murmurs. The effects of valvular regurgitation and stenosis are reviewed. The presentation of systolic and diastolic murmurs identifies the types that may be heard, explaining the important characteristics and clinical significance of each.

Heart Sounds

Product code: M068 Reviewed for accuracy: 2009

Overview:

Explains the physiologic principles of sound production within the heart and demonstrates the acoustic characteristics of normal and abnormal heart sounds. Selection and utilization of the stethoscope are discussed. Normal first and second heart sounds are demonstrated including timing, area of maximum intensity, location, duration, quality, and pitch. The effects of respiration are also discussed.

Normal and Abnormal Breath Sounds

Product code: M067

Overview:

Introduces the physiology and acoustic characteristics of normal breath sounds and identifies physiology components of abnormal and adventitious sounds. The functional basis of breath sounds is described, important characteristics are defined including pitch, intensity and duration. Principles of sound transmission and the significance of voice sounds to assessment findings are discussed.